Journal of Neurophysiology

JNP Micro Podcasts: Bidirectional Generative Adversarial Representation Learning for Natural Stimulus Synthesis

In this episode, coauthors Andriy S. Kozlov, Johnny Reilly, and John D. Goodwin discuss their recently published research titled "Bidirectional Generative Adversarial Representation Learning for Natural Stimulus Synthesis." The authors introduce a groundbreaking artificial neural network that generates animal vocalization waveforms and interpolates between them to create new, realistic vocalizations. The team shares how their synthetic stimuli drive auditory cortical neurons in mice just as effectively as natural vocalizations, producing receptive field features with equal predictive power. Tune in as Andriy, Johnny, and John explain the significance of their findings and the potential implications of this innovative technology for sensory neuroscience.

 

Bidirectional generative adversarial representation learning for natural stimulus synthesis

Johnny Reilly, John D. Goodwin, Sihao Lu, and Andriy S. Kozlov

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 132:4, 1156-1169

JNP Micro Podcasts: Locomotor Learning in Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke

In this episode, coauthor Jonathan M. Wood provides an in-depth overview of the recently published research titled "Explicit and Implicit Locomotor Learning in Individuals with Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke." The study explores how motor learning, which involves both implicit and explicit processes, is affected in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. These two types of learning, which typically work together in daily life and rehabilitation, may be disrupted after a stroke. Using a locomotor task designed to isolate contributions from both processes, alongside computational modeling, the research reveals that chronic stroke leads to deficits in both explicit and implicit locomotor learning. Join Jonathan as he discusses the findings and their implications for understanding motor recovery post-stroke.

 

Explicit and implicit locomotor learning in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke

Jonathan M. Wood, Elizabeth Thompson, Henry Wright, Liam Festa, Susanne M. Morton, Darcy S. Reisman, and Hyosub E. Kim

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 132:4, 1172-1182

JNP Micro Podcasts: Saccadic Suppression of Color and Luminance

In this JNP MicroPodcast, Yuan Zhang highlights the recently published research titled "The Execution of Saccadic Eye Movements Suppresses Visual Processing of Both Color and Luminance in the Early Visual Cortex of Humans." The study reveals how saccadic eye movements—rapid shifts in eye position—suppress the processing of both luminance and chromatic stimuli in the early visual cortex. Yuan breaks down how the research uses a contrast response model to show that saccades reduce response gain, rather than altering contrast gain, pointing to a multiplicative mechanism that affects both the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways. Tune in for a concise overview of these intriguing findings and their implications for visual processing.

 

The execution of saccadic eye movements suppresses visual processing of both color and luminance in the early visual cortex of humans

Yuan Zhang, Matteo Valsecchi, Karl R. Gegenfurtner, and Jing Chen

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 131:6, 1156-1167

JNP Micro Podcasts: Electroacupuncture and heart rate: autonomic nervous system

In this episode of the JNP Micro Podcast series, coauthor Yiwei D. Gong sheds light on their Editorial Focus regarding the research titled "Dorsomedial Hypothalamus-Raphe Pallidus-Cardiac Sympathetic Pathway Mediates Electroacupuncture Intervention of Stress-Induced Tachycardia" by Wang et al.  This important study addresses the management of chronic stress—an area with significant treatment gaps that can contribute to tachycardia. Yiwei discusses how lifestyle therapies like meditation, physical activity, and neurostimulation through electroacupuncture can help manage prodromal symptoms and reduce elevated sympathetic tone. By confirming the effects of electroacupuncture on heart rate in humans, this research holds potential clinical relevance for preventing chronic tachycardia, which could ultimately impact conditions like dilated cardiomyopathy.

 

Does electroacupuncture reducing heart rate rebalance autonomic nervous system?

Stephanie C. Tjen-A-Looi, Yiwei D. Gong, and Shaista Malik

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 131:5, 945-947

JNP Micro Podcasts: Working memory constraints for visuomotor retrieval strategies

Join coauthor Carlos A. Velázquez-Vargas in this insightful episode as he delves into the research titled "Working Memory Constraints for Visuomotor Retrieval Strategies." Discover how humans adapt to feedback perturbations in various visuomotor rotation tasks by tapping into their working memory for successful solutions. Carlos explains the use of a Bayesian latent-mixture model to uncover the impact of guessing and low-precision memories on performance as the number of memorized solutions increases. Tune in to learn how extended practice can help overcome these constraints by enhancing long-term memory retrieval, paving the way for improved visuomotor skills. 

 

Working memory constraints for visuomotor retrieval strategies

Carlos A. Velázquez-Vargas and Jordan A. Taylor

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 132:2, 347-361

JNP Micro Podcasts: Striatopallidal synaptic currents

In this episode, coauthor James A. Jones dives into the study titled "Comparison of unitary synaptic currents generated by indirect and direct pathway neurons of the mouse striatum." This research is notable as it’s the first to examine synaptic currents from single identified direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons targeting individual globus pallidus externus (GPe) neurons.

Jones highlights how each GPe neuron integrates inputs from both pathways, revealing that while most striatal neurons generate relatively small synaptic currents, a subset is powerful enough to make a significant impact on GPe activity. This finding underscores the collective influence of striatal neurons and raises intriguing questions about the dynamics of synaptic transmission in basal ganglia circuits. The implications for understanding movement and behavioral control are profound, making this study a crucial addition to the field.

 

Article Citation: 

---

Comparison of unitary synaptic currents generated by indirect and direct pathway neurons of the mouse striatum

James A. Jones, Jacob Peña, Rostislav I. Likhotvorik, Brandon I. Garcia-Castañeda, and Charles J. Wilson

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 131:5, 914-936

 

 

JNP Micro Podcasts: Beadex is required in Neurons

In this podcast coauthor Kripa Chitre discusses the recently published article titled "Beadex, the Drosophila LIM only protein, is required for the growth of the larval neuromuscular junction."  A novel role for Beadex (Bx) regulates the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) structure and function in a tissue-specific manner. Bx is expressed in a subset of Toll-6-expressing neurons and is involved in regulating synaptic span and physiology, possibly through its negative interaction with Highwire (Hiw). The findings of this study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying NMJ development and function and warrant further investigation to understand the role of Bx in these processes fully.

 

Article Citation:

Beadex, the Drosophila LIM only protein, is required for the growth of the larval neuromuscular junction

Kripa Chitre, Subhash Kairamkonda, Manish Kumar Dwivedi, Saumitra Yadav, Vimlesh Kumar, Sujit K. Sikdar, and Upendra Nongthomba

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 132:2, 418-432

JNP Micro Podcasts: Rejuvenating silicon probes for acute neurophysiology

In this podcast, coauthor Alden Shoup dives into the methods and resources outlined in their paper "Rejuvenating silicon probes for acute neurophysiology." Discover how they are tackling the issue of degraded probe performance and providing a solution to extend their lifespan.

 

Article Citation:

Rejuvenating silicon probes for acute neurophysiology

Alden M. Shoup, Natasha Porwal, Mohammad Amin Fakharian, Paul Hage, Simon P. Orozco, and Reza Shadmehr

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 132:1, 308-315

JNP Micro Podcasts: The Multisensory and Multidimensional Nature of Object Representation

In this podcast, author Hellen Kyler delves into her mini-review article on the multisensory and multidimensional nature of object representation. Explore the fascinating findings from fMRI experiments and the impact of 2-D vs. 3-D objects on neural activation and behavior.

 

Article Citation:

The multisensory and multidimensional nature of object representation

Hellen Kyler

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 132:1, 130-133

JNP Micro Podcast: Onion Skin or AHP firing scheme?

In this podcast, coauthor Mohamed H. Mousa highlights the newly published research titled "Onion skin is not a universal firing pattern for spinal motoneurons: simulation study." The study reports two contrasting schemes, namely the "onion skin" and the "AHP" regarding the relationship between MUs firing rates and recruitment order. Previous studies have examined these schemes phenomenologically, imposing one scheme on the firing-recruitment relationship. Here, the authors employed a high-fidelity computational model that prioritizes biological fidelity and heterogeneity to investigate motoneuron firing schemes without bias towards either scheme. Their objective findings offer an explanation for the longstanding dichotomy on MU firing patterns.

 

Article Citation:

Onion skin is not a universal firing pattern for spinal motoneurons: simulation study

Mohamed H. Mousa, Nathan P. Wages, and Sherif M. Elbasiouny

Journal of Neurophysiology 2024 132:1, 240-258